Disputes Over the Rightful Beneficiary of Life Insurance Proceeds
Under Texas law, life insurance is considered a non-testamentary or non-probate asset. The life insurance policy is a contract between the purchaser and the insurance company, for the benefit of a third party. Therefore, the contract generally determines who receives the policy proceeds.
Typically, the owner of the policy names a beneficiary and that person or entity receives the proceeds upon the insured's death. However, sometimes there are exceptions or the answer is not so clear. Sometimes, there are multiple claims made to the policy proceeds. Often, a policy holder will get divorced, but forget to change the policy designation from the prior spouse. In disputed cases, the insurance company will typically seek a ruling from a court to determine the rightful beneficiary.
Sometimes it can be proven that the benefits were promised or pledged to someone other than the named beneficiary. Other times, the named beneficiary may have done something to prevent their recovery of the policy proceeds.
Beneficiary disputes can be complex. A key issue to determine is whether Texas or federal law applies to the controversy. Most policies are purchased by individuals through an agent, but many are purchased through an employer with group coverage. Federal law, through ERISA, will often apply if the policy was purchased through an employer. In such cases, you need an attorney experienced in handling ERISA cases.
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